The Green Ribbon Commission on Climate Protection was formed in 2005 by Mayor Greg Nickels as part of the effort to meet or better the global warming emissions reduction goal determined by the Kyoto Protocol, reducing emissions by 7% (or more) from their levels as measured in 1990 by the year 2012. The focus of the GRC was on reducing community-based global warming pollution through examining and recommending climate protection strategies for businesses, households, residents, and neighborhood/community groups. Members of the Commission were appointed by the Mayor, and came from different sectors of the community.